A Separate Peace - Thematic Analysis :: essays research papers

An investigation of John Knowles A Separate Peace raises the subject of man's savagery to his individual man. What makes this novel special is that in fighting war, Knowles never obviously alluded to the violence of war; he demonstrated the outcomes of war, some resembling the idea of war and some just spreading out how World War II influenced noncombatants thousand miles away. There have been numerous books expounded on war, what occurs, why it occurs, and why wars should stop. Knowles clarifies through the term of Finny why war never will stop, with just a single passing in the whole book; a calm one at that. At the point when Gene is liable for Finny's tumble off the tree, the peruser is in some disarray with regards to what truly occurred. All the book peruses at this point is "Holding solidly to the storage compartment, I made a stride close to him, and afterward my knees bobbed and I bumped the appendage. Finny, his parity gone, swung his head to take a gander at me for a moment with outrageous premium, and afterward he tumbled sideways, got through the little branches underneath and hit the manage an account with a nauseating, unnatural thud." The peruser doesn't know whether it was inadvertent or purposeful. It isn't until later that Finny understands that Gene is liable for his devastating, and what a characteristic thing it was to do. Quality skiped the branch just to check whether he could make the strong Finny fall; at any rate, this is the reason Gene claims he did it. This is valid, however at some level, Gene was terrified of Finny, of his certainty, his cap acities, and his potential for breaking records. Consider Gene's distrustfulness over Finny's endeavors to make him brave. Quality deciphers these certifiable demonstrations of companionship as endeavors to keep him from arriving at the highest point of the scholarly stepping stool. This suspicion matches war in that after it is pronounced, nobody is sheltered. Nations, pioneers, individuals dubious of all who are seen as a danger, making them lash out at anybody even incidentally included. Enough demonstrated in A Separate Peace, there are additionally chronicled models: the Nazi concentration camps, the American Japanese-American migration camps, and the McCarthyism of the fifties. Obviously, in America, the Constitution rules until war is pronounced, at that point suspicion and noxiousness assume responsibility. Whenever Gene had the chance to turn the tables on Finny, he did, which is so human it is crippling.

Vans Paper

Vans Homework Assignment (Racquet Club) | |Stephen Smith | |Shelby Harris | |Lauren Lindsey | |John Krc | |Aleksandra Petronijevic | 1. Item: What items does Vans sell? Vans sells skateboard shoes, request, and external wear for folks and young ladies. 2. Statement of purpose: Describe the Vans crucial under three sentences. The statement of purpose of Vans communicates that they need to give an alluring look to high school kids.The workers of Vans need their clients to be cheerful and make the most of their new garments. 3. Target: Who do they focus as far as sexual orientation, geology, way of life, salary, interests and exercises? Vans targets primarily guys, however of late females are showing up. Initially, they concentrated on the west coast yet they immediately extended eastbound. They target more youthful children with interests that include: activity sports, music, workmanship, and road design. 4. Upper hand: How does Vans depict its serious advantage?How would they say they are unique and superior to different brands? They consider themselves to be the first; in this way, being unique is their upper hand. They were the first to make the canvas, checkerboard skate and dynamic wear shoes. 5. Conveyance: Where is Van’s sold? What is their pyramid circulation procedure? How can it work? Vans are sold all things considered shoes that sell shoes; in any case, they chose to just give the standard retailers explicit shoes. This is to secure their famous shoes in would like to keep them popular.If just certain stores hold their most mainstream shoes, the shoes won't sell tremendously at the same time however will sell well after some time. The most selective shoes goes to the highest point of the pyramid venders and afterward the center level shoes go to the more standard merchants. 6. What is their methodology as far as their utilization of conventional media (TV, radio, magazine, open air)? Rundown the various media and instances of explicit media veh icles. They for the most part depend on magazine advancement. They put their advertisements in the entirety of the genuine skate, surf, day off, motocross magazines that are available.Then after magazines are occasions, for instance: skateboard rivalries, riding rivalries, and so forth. Next in the line of media is TV and radio. 7. What is their procedure regarding the job of the web in Van’s correspondence methodology? Give models. 8. What is their limited time methodology regarding their utilization of deals advancement with shoppers? (tests, visits, challenges, excursions, giveaways)? Give models. Some special procedures utilized by Vans are narratives like Dogtown and Z-Boys, which is an hour and a half documentary.Vans has numerous plugs that publicize their shoes while individuals are skateboarding. 9. What is their limited time methodology as far as their utilization of deals advancement with retailers? (tests, visits, challenges, get-aways, giveaways)? Give models. Va ns parts with garments and shoes to retailers so they can elevate them to clients and get their image out and make it all the more notable. 10. What is their special procedure regarding advertising/exposure where occasions are arranged to connect with potential clients and the media? Give models incorporating events.Later in their years Vans turned into a showcasing organization now their limited time methodologies comprise of numerous occasions, for example, The Vans walk visit, Vans Triple Crown surfing, Vans downtown confrontation, and a lot more skateboard, snow load up and riding occasions. 11. How would they utilize intuitive showcasing? Vans is known for facilitating a variety of occasions that are apparently agreeable and fun. It is extremely intuitive all the more so in light of the fact that the Vice President of the organization ensures he is at all occasions in an entirely receptive structure. 12. How would they use spokespersons?Their occasions where they collaborate wi th various TV channels, etc remains as there representative. They all the more so deal with letting the brand all in all justify itself with real evidence. 13. How would they use cause showcasing? Give instances of sponsorships. Vans utilizes cause showcasing in the advertisements they have comprising of magazines, occasions, TV and radio. One of cause showcasing sponsorships they have is â€Å"Surf Rider† which is an association established after keeping the sea water clean. Vans collaborated with this association by making select shoes that has the name of the branch where Surf Rider branches are.Vans causes advertising by magazines and ad’s in just the genuine skateboard, snowboard and riding magazines. They have real occasions relating to these occasions to drive deals as well as structure a relational relationship with all Vans clients. In conclusion they go to TV and radio to stay with the name of the in the predominant press. 14. What sorts of data and research does Vans use to decide the viability of their limited time methodology? Vans data and research originates from â€Å"bottom line†. Just as the steady studies they get from incalculable statistical surveying groups.Their site remains the main activity sport site. They likewise notice at occasions the various measure of customers that are wearing vans all over the place. 15. Do you think Vans’ special blend concentrates more on a draw methodology or a push system? Why? I feel Vans’ limited time blend concentrates more on a force technique than a push procedure. Vans’ doesn't drive various contenders out of their scope of items. They center more around satisfying the present customers who are searching for what Vans as an organization brings to the table. They value being unique and work on proceeding to keep it that way.

The Best-Ever Response to Why Did You Leave Your Last Job

The Best-Ever Response to Why Did You Leave Your Last Job Time and again, you will feel like quitting your current job in favor of another and the most recurring question thrown around will be Why did you leave your last job?That is indeed a very good question that comes to mind for those who leave their first job after graduation and opt to work for a second company.However, the truth of the matter is that there are a number of reasons why we choose to switch jobs and companies.Some of those reasons could be because of better opportunities, better salary and growth and some of them could be due to having a fallout with the boss or toxic coworkers. But the last thing you’d want to tell your potential new boss is the latter scenario also known as ‘the ugly truth.’Usually, it’s good, to be honest, but sometimes there things that should never be said in a job interview, especially something that could jeopardize your hiring chances.But fear not, because there are ways you can answer this oh-so-common question properly without inviting controversy and doubts. And this is just the post for the job.1.  REASON FOR THE “LEAVING YOUR LAST JOB” QUESTION The obvious reason potential new employers ask this question is to determine whether you’re a good employee or a bad one. It’s actually one of those trick behavioral interview questions.The employer usually asks this question to see if you:Have a good reason to leave your previous or current job.Are pursuing a new opportunity or running away.Have a sense of obligation and value work.Can leave on good terms with others.Your answer can be perceived in both a positive and negative light depending on your choice of words. Here’s how you can go about responding to why you’re making the switch:Youre Looking For a Better OpportunityRightI decided to leave my job in order to pursue new opportunities and take myself further in my career.WrongI quit my job because I just didn’t like it. That’s it.You Have No Hard Feelings Towards Your SupervisorRightI left so I cou ld thrive in a different company. My supervisor and I left on good terms since he is one of my references.Wrong  In spite of working together for months, I appalled the time I spent with my supervisor. If I never seem him again, it will too soon. You Have a Sense of Obligation and Value WorkRightDue to corporate layoffs, I only got to work for a few months at my last vocation. Now I’ve realized that working for a smaller company that is more involved in my local community is much better for me. WrongI don’t know what it is that I want to do with my life. That’s why I’m just going with the flow.Now try to understand, we’re not actually insisting that you lie to your employer. You just need to avoid doing the following:Vilify your former employer even if they deserve it.Sounding feeble or weak.Constantly making yourself the victim.Now for those who are making a life or a career change, there’s not much to worry about.But if it’s a large career change, say, moving from m arketing to software, then you need to provide more of an explanation when giving your response to leaving your previous job.You need to formulate clear and concise reasons for transitioning between posts.Those who often struggle more than others when giving a proper response include:Job HoppersCareer ChangersLong-term UnemployedStill, virtually every question can be answered in the best way possible.Sometimes, employers tend to spin their job interview questions differently, like:Why are you looking for a new job?Why are you leaving your current workplace?Why do you want a new opportunity?And sometimes, the questions can be direct, like:Could you explain your career gap?Why did you leave your job?Why did you leave after three days, two weeks or a month?Why were you fired?Pro Tip: Go with the old saying “less is more.” It helps both sides (you and the employer) if your response is short and skips out on the unflattering details.2.  HOW TO PREPARE GOOD REASONS FOR LEAVING YOUR J OBLet’s just assume you’re still employed with a company and are getting job offers from various companies. This makes you a passive job seeker.Passive job seekers are those who are ideal candidates for an open position that is so good that they can’t pass it up even when they’re employed.This implies two things:No need to think about what you’re going to say at the interview.Stick to the truth.Here’s a table of people who usually quite around their one-year work anniversary:Source: Harvard Business ReviewSo here are some responses that passive job seekers can opt for:RightFor the past couple of years, I have successfully built a strong team of marketing professionals, who have also increased sales with our campaigns by 35% from the previous fiscal year. But seeing your offer has convinced me that I want to work for a firm that is not only bigger but also provides me a chance to work on more diverse and historic marketing projects. Now I’m ready to take that next step in my career and your company feels like the ideal place for it. And that’s why I would consider leaving my job.Don’t hold back on mentioning your achievements such as “increased sales by 35%.”WrongYou don’t know how much I’ve wanted to work for your company ever since I was a young’un. In fact, I had your company at the back of my mind even when I’m working at my current job. That’s why it just feels right that I leave the place where I am right now and work for you guys. I can’t wait!!!Please refrain from sounding like someone handing over a confession letter to your high school crush while not being there in person. In other words, don’t overdo it.But what how would you respond if you’re not presently working? Not easy. That’s because it’s easier for someone who is currently employed to land another gig elsewhere. For such people, answering the “why did you leave your last job” depends on both the reason for your unemployment and how long you’ve been jobless.You Were Laid OffThe good thing about getting laid off is that it has nothing to do with your performance. Layoffs are a common thing with companies. They reorganize, merge and lose money. Here’s a table showing the number of people who get laid off and quit: Source: imgurAnd while all these things have nothing to do with you as an employee, the downside is that you still lost your job. But don’t let it get to you that this is your fault.So during the next job interview, just state the following:Just briefly state that you got laid off and the reason for it.Don’t forget to say that other people got laid off too because that’s how it usually is.Tell your interviewer how good of an employee you were.Explain why you believe the opening position is a great opportunity.Be sure to practice your responses so that you don’t come off sounding bitter or disinterested.You Were FiredThis one isn’t going to be easy to open to with your employer because being fired is a tough thing to happen to anyone.If it was a bad kind of fired, here’s how you should explain yourself to your interviewer:Don’t avoid the question or lie.Talk about the reason you got fired using as many diplomatic terms as possible.Point out what you learned from your exp erience.Assure the employer that you’re not some kind of risky or poor candidateDuring your interview, always remain calm and diplomatic. Also, your potential employer may double-check the facts to see if you’re telling the truth. The last thing you would want is to get terminated again for lying on your application.You’ve Been Jobless (For More Than 6 Months)Being unemployed for 6 months or so is not a good image to your hiring managers. And the longer you stay unemployed, the worse your chances of hiring get.Still, once you get called for an interview, you’ve won the first part of a great battle. Now all you have to do is convince your employer that you’re not a risky candidate for their company. Also, convince them that the time you were unemployed has nothing to do with you as an employee.Here’s the best way you can explain why you left your last job long ago:Don’t try to lie and victimize yourselfMention all of the productive things you did while you were unemploy edThen convince your employer why you are indeed the right person for the jobThe “bad economy” tactic also works if need be. Other responses to throw may include:“Why did you leave your last job?” layoffs.“Why the gap of unemployment?” No one was hiring.People usually understand how difficult it is to find a job in such a troubling economy.You’re Changing Careers Saying you left your last job because you wanted to change your career could mean a change of industry, role or job.Switching IndustriesLet’s just assume that you’re a Sales Associate but you want to sell clothes instead of carpets. Since your core skill is selling, you have to explain why you would be an ideal salesperson.Tell your employer why you want to switchTry looking at the progress that you want to make with your careerConcentrate on the shared skill set.Switching RolesIf you’re a Senior Sales Associate who wants to go back to being a Junior Sales Associate, you’re changing roles. You have t o explain why you want to move back down the ladder, disregarding that it’s because you’re overqualified.Tell your employer why you want to change roles. For example, a better work-life balance.Ensure your employer that being overqualified does not pose a risk.Switching JobsNow if you want to change from being a Sales Associate to becoming a beekeeper, this is going to be the hardest thing to explain to your employer.Don’t tell the interviewer that you need this job because of your love for bees. Tell them that you know what you’re doing and why you’re best qualified for this post.State your reason for switching your job.Give a proper explanation as to why your skills are best suited for this position.While you do have one of the best reasons to leave, it will be difficult to sell yourself under extreme circumstances. Still, if you prepare yourself in advance for it, you should come off more convincing.Chronic Job HopperLeaving jobs after short periods of time is known as chronic job hopping. If you’re doing this, then you’d want to explain why you left your previous jobs, instead of just your ‘last job.’Be advised that if you’ve done this several times before, then it could put off future employers. How would they know you’re going to stay for a consistent time period?Think of it from your employer’s point of view. You’re not just someone who’s supposed to keep the seat warm for your eventual replacement, you’re an investment. It would cost your employer about six to eight months of your salary to find and train someone to replace you.Here’s how you can provide the best response:Focus on the fact that every job change you’ve gone through was a positive thing for your career.Then tell your employer that you’re a pro at what you do or that the position that they’re offering is your dream job.3.  HOW TO RESPOND TO THE “WHY DID YOU LEAVE YOUR LAST JOB” INTERVIEW QUESTIONLaid-Off RightI left my previous job due to layoffs. In my previous company, I had worked for over half a year before it merged with a larger company. I was declared redundant as the company had a more senior member for the post. While I was working there, I learned how to make short marketing videos. I also learned how to use video editing software and recording equipment and enjoy doing so as well. And that’s the reason I applied for the Video Marketing position at your company.When you explain your reason for being laid off, use neutral terms like the one in the example, without blaming your previous workplace. Also, don’t go too much into details about being laid off. Focus on your relevant skill set such as Video Marketing.WrongAfter years of dedicating myself to the company, they threw me out like two-week-old garbage without ever looking back. 10 years I gave to that company and THIS is the “thanks” I get? Utterly shameful of those clowns. I’ll make them regret ever giving me the boot. It’s okay to feel wronged aft er losing your job like that. But you should really take some time to yourself to vent out your anger before you go for your next interview.Fired or Terminated RightThe startup company that I last worked for failed to reach their targeted level growth within the first year. So they hired project managers for Content and IT to diagnose the problem. The IT manager deduced that the problem was the front-end design and instead of changing the design, the PM suggested that the start from square one. During my time there, I learned that the environment was fast-paced and ever-changing like a social media trend. One day you’re on top and the next day you’re not. What’s important is that I never gave up and with that attitude as well as the design that was rejected, I landed my next job. Give a positive, diplomatic answer as to why you got fired. Also, state what you learned from your experience there.WrongMy boss had the gall to accuse me of stealing even though it was Eddie who did it. The only problem was that Eddie is his son but I was the one who ended up getting the shaft. Don’t you think that’s unfair? Of course, it is. Being bitter and placing the blame on someone gives room to plenty of red flags being raised.Unemployed (More than 6 Months) RightThe reason behind my job’s departure a couple of years ago was due to downsizing. During that time, I took a chance to start a family and raise two beautiful kids. I also started an online shop where I could sell furniture that I had refurbished in my free time. Ebay and Etsy are some of the usual places where I’d sell my furniture. The experience allowed me to develop a practical skill set for furniture. What’s more is that I’ve learned about marketing, sales and customer service. I even run my own blog site that enjoys 1000 unique visitors a day. As you can see, the candidate have a concise answer as to why he’s been unemployed for so long, while at the same time talks about how productive he’s been at home. He’s only develop some new skills and is raising a family as well.WrongEver since I left my last job two years ago, I have had no luck at getting hired after that. But that didn’t bother me much since I got to spend some time with my kids playing Fortnite on the PS4. I felt that this was the right thing for me to do since working for so long. While it’s nice that you’re spending more time with your family, it’s not really a good business strategy to let your new employer know you’ve been doing nothing in the past two years of your unemployment.Career Changer RightI chose to leave my previous job as an accountant because my passion lies in baking. Even though my previous vocation helped me pay half a decade’s bills, baking was always my dream job. It is a fast-paced and demanding environment that is more in line with my forte than being chained to a desk. If you look at my resume, you will know that I have been preparing for this transition by completing pastry education at my culinary school. Fortunately, my skills as an accountant translate into this new position just fine. I pay close attention to detail and have incredible analytical and problem-solving skills.Not only does the candidate reveal how he prepared for the transition, but he also made mention of his incredible problem-solving and analytical skills come in handy at his new job as well.WrongI quit my job because I couldn’t keep up with everyone else. It was just too demanding that I reached the point of burning out. I’d rather go back to the days of data entry where I’d only get to do grunt work instead of management, which I’m not cut out for.It’s better not to go into the negative bitter details of why you want a career change. Your employer might assume that you’re lazy and cannot rise to the challenge. Instead of that, you should mention that you want to achieve a better work-life balance.

My Young Literacy Learner Who Is A Prep One Student Essay

Leila is my young literacy learner who is a prep one student. Reading books that are at appropriate learning level is the way where children benefit most from teacher guidance (Hill, 2015). I assume Leila as an early reading leaner. The book that I chose is at approximately reading levels 9 to 11. It is called ‘What s the Matter, Aunty May’ which is about a little boy who is trying to do some housework for his aunty but keeping making troubles. Aunty May witnessed the whole trail of destruction her nephew had left behind whilst politely trying to offer his assistance, feeling distressed and mad. There are several reasons why I choose to read this book to her. Firstly, the story is related to children’s world. Hill (2015) mentioned that building on the familiar which means making connections to children’s world acts as a driving vehicle for literacy development. She may help her parents to do chores at home and the illustrations of the little boy doing diffe rent housework in the book could arouse her similar memory. To gain her attention and interests, I choose a book with vivid and funny illustrations. Hill (2015) stated that picture books offer young children the visual context and additional information that is conveyed in longer paragraphs though complex language. Colorful pictures, exaggerate facial expressions, funny figure images and continuous illustrations provide high level of support for children’s understanding. In order to prepare an engaging andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection In Early Childhood Education1907 Words   |  8 Pagesschool based environment. I feel though that my previous experience did aid me in this practicum however. I already knew that play is an integral part of a young child’s learning and how those children need to feel safe, secure, and cared for as well as being educated. Knowing that the bond between a teacher and child is a vital part of being able to educate them well, allowed me to focus on building those relationships with the children and getting to know who they are, what they like and how they reactRead MoreLevel 3 Award IN Education And Training Essay4209 Words   |  17 Pagesshould be to teach in a way which engages learners and actively engage learning during every lesson irrespective of the environment. In my position as IT manager at Barnsley College there are roles and responsibilities that are set to facilitate personal and organisational goals the same can be said for teaching and learning. As a teacher/trainer I will need to be able to adapt my style of teaching by being a friend, counsellor, mentor to ensure that my learners are able to rely on me to meet their individualRead MoreTeaching Problems15782 Words   |  64 Pageseffective pupil-centred teaching and learning of the English language in Tanzanian government primary school with recommendations Katy Allen MBE Director, Village Education Project Kilimanjaro Presented at The Forum on Community of Practice of Learner Centred Learning in Tanzania held at the Tanzanian Episcopal Conference Centre, Kurasini 18th – 19th August 2008 PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND THE PROBLEMS FACED WITH TEACHING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. An analysis of the obstacles in the way of effectiveRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagespromised profit sharing, which has resulted in up to three weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years. The test of the change is in the results. GE Fanuc’s revenue is up women employees, who composed about three-fourths of the bank’s workers. As a result, several years later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were given opportunities to grow and learn, the Bank of Montreal’s

Social Inequality By Barbara Ehrenreich Essay - 1825 Words

Social inequality is the unequal set of opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. Social inequality happens when resources in a society are distributed unevenly. In America, social inequality is growing nonstop, and resource disparity still exists today. Social inequality affects poverty, many Americans are working low paying jobs with no hope of ever reaching social mobility, and the economy gap between rich and the poor keeps widening. These social inequalities are influenced by geographical location. The minorities remain to be one of the most affected by this social stratification. Many see these inequalities as a problem to blame the people themselves or society. They claim that these inequalities are used for their own benefits, resulting in the advantage of the taxpayers, and in some cases the rich. Many have taken their voice to shine a light on these negative issues. Writers such as Barbara Ehrenreich, reveals in her arti cle â€Å"Serving in Florida’ the struggles jobholders face to live on poor wage jobs. Kathleen Arnold in her narrative â€Å"From America’s New Working class† informs how substantive programs aimed to help recipients, take advantage of these by monitoring them and disciplining them with the goal to maintain a supply of cheap labor. And finally, Timothy Noah â€Å"From the Great Divergence: America’s Growing Inequality Crisis and What We Can do About It† informs about the growing inequality in America betweenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Barbara Ehrenreich s Nickel And Dimed1337 Words   |  6 Pagespeople still reside in the lower-class after years of working laborious jobs. Indeed, some people have miraculously found their way out of the gutters on the system, but most people happen to not be as lucky. Through experience, author Barbara Ehrenreich finds that the social divide in America makes the American Dream much more difficult than it is perc eived to be by the upper class. The truth she finds by living as a person in poverty incited her frustrations and disgust with the system. The attainabilityRead MoreThe Connection Between Social Stratification And Individual1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Connection Between Social Stratification and Individual Opportunity Undoubtedly, those who find themselves under the label â€Å"working class† are often disrespected and suffer through emotional or physical discomfort, and sometimes both, in their jobs. The disparity of inequality between the American social classes are growing bigger and the chances of individual opportunity are growing lower for middle or lower class citizens. 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This book offers an in-depth view of the Barbara Ehrenreichs struggle to get a good job, which she defined as a job that would provide health care and an income of $50,000 a year.(6) This book was written in 2005 and is still up to date with the current unemployment problems. She uses her own experiences and observations for the reader to get an accurate picture of how hard it is forRead MoreNickel And Dimed, By Barbara Ehrenreich1636 Words   |  7 Pagespieces of American Literature highlight this concept in a way that is most pertinent to their corresponding time period. Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America, by Barbara Ehrenreich, specifically highlights a more modern time period, from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. Within this n arrative, author Barbara Ehrenreich depicts her struggles of finding equality within the multitude of jobs she works in order to make a living throughout multiple parts. 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Loewen also proposes that the education system in America does not incorporate a proper analysis of our social class (Loewen,Read MoreBarbara Ehrenreich, The Author Of The Novel Nickeled And1310 Words   |  6 PagesBarbara Ehrenreich, the author of the novel Nickeled and Dimed on (Not) Getting by in America, family had achieved middle class, as she was fulfilling her Bachelor’s degree in physics. As time proceeds, she attended Graduate school to pursue her master’s degree in cell biology. Ehrenreich became involved with a woman s health movement, and also became a teacher at Old Westbury, in New York. With her activism in the women’s movement, she began to write about feminism and the myth regarding it being

Case Study 125 Marks Charisma Corporation (CC) Free Essays

Read the following two case studies and answer the questions that follow: Case Study 1:25 Marks Charisma Corporation (CC) has recently embarked on a new kind of training. The corporation is teaching many of its employees—especially those in marketing and sales—to make decisions on the basis of non-verbal communication cues. For Malini Varma, Vice President of CC, focusing on non-verbal communication has become an important part of her inter-personal dealings. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study 1:25 Marks Charisma Corporation (CC) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several years ago, Varma became interested in how body movements and mannerisms truly reflect what an individual is saying. Continually reading in this area of study, Varma has been able to make decisions about potential employees and potential customers by â€Å"reading† them. For example, Varma believes that body language can give a person a competitive advantage. It can make the difference when closing the sale, or in CC’s case, hiring new employees. For example, during interviews, Malini pays constant attention to the job candidate’s eye movements and mannerisms. She believes that she can correctly predict of if the candidate will be an aggressive salesperson while simultaneously being personable and friendly. How does she do this? She does this by looking at their eyes and the way they present themselves. In one case, a hiring decision came down to two people. The first candidate was animated and made constant eye contact. The second candidate never looked Malini in the eye, leaned back in his/her chair, and crossed both his/her legs and arms. The first candidate demonstrated the communication skills that Varma found aligned with successful performance in her organization. Malini Varma is convinced that non-verbal communications can play a significant role in helping her organization achieve its annual sales goals. Personally, she has found that it has helped her ‘quality’ customers. For instance, even though a potential customer says, ‘Yes’, with his/her arms and legs crossed emphatically, it means state, ‘No! ’ Understanding this, Varma is in a better position to probe further into the possible objections the customer has. She has found that, in many cases, she is able to steer the conversation in a direction that ultimately leads to successfully closing a sale. And that is a major competitive advantage. QUESTIONS: 1. Describe the communication process that Malini Varma uses in her dealings with candidates and employees. 2. What problems might Varma encounter by her heavy reliance on non-verbal communications? 3. What communication guidance would you give to Varma and individuals liker her who places an inordinately high value on body language? Explain your position. ( 5+10+10=25 Marks) How to cite Case Study 1:25 Marks Charisma Corporation (CC), Free Case study samples

Entertainment And Education Essay Example For Students

Entertainment And Education Essay Both entertainment and education have been integrals parts of the humanexperience since the beginnings of time. Many scholars insist that the twoinstitutions often serve jointly, with entertainers and entertainmentserving as a main source of education. There is little argument, then,that in addition to generally appealing to the masses, entertainers haveregularly fulfilled the role of a teacher to typically unsuspectingaudiences. Entertainers have served as educators throughout history, fromthe origins of oral narratives through the Middle Ages. The earliest forms of unwritten communication were essentiallyused to spread knowledge from one source to another. Religious disciplineswere the first information passed from person to person throughentertainment. In the third century B.C., Buddhist monks tried to winconverts outside India through the use of theater and song (Burdick 97). They taught the precepts of Siddhartha and Buddha in such theatrical epicsas Ramayana and Mahabharata, setting exacting rules for theaterperformance in the process (Burdick 99). Similarly, Irish monksestablished singing schools, which taught uniform use of music throughoutthe church (Young 31). Through chants which were all the same, they spreadidentical teachings. Christian psalms and hymns in Apostolic times were sung to spread the knowledge and faith of Christianity. In fact,Christianity was promoted from the start by music. Churches were for longthe only centers of learning, with monks teaching all lessons throughmusic (Young 39). Through the use of sacred music, monks and clergysuccessfully spread the teachings of their religions in a practicalmanner. Entertainers used the theater as a place to tell the stories ofthe day, both fictional and topical. The African oral tradition was richin folk tales, myths, riddles, and proverbs, serving a religious, social,and economic function (Lindfors 1). Likewise, Asian actors covered theirfaces with masks in order to act out a scandal of the day without theaudience knowing who was passing along the gossip (Archer 76). Europeanpuppets were another medium which permitted entertainers to spread currentgossip without revealing the identity of the storyteller (Speaight 16). The theatrical productions of the Greeks further explored the use oftheater as an instructional tool. Because the theater provided such adiverse forum for expression, stage actors and playwrights consistantlyutilized this locale to eduate the general public. Oral communication was widely used to educate society about moralsand basic truths. The most highly developed theoretical discussions fromancient times were those of he Greeks, who passed on this knowledgethrough music and stories. Homer, the eighth-century B.C. poet, courtsinger, and storyteller, embodied ideal Greek morals and heroic conduct inhis spoken epic, The Iliad (Beye 1). Homer and other poets used qualitiesnot found in written language to make the memorization of their workseasier so their sagas could be repeated for generations (Edwards 1). African tribes people and Native Americans also instilled morals andlessons to their communities through stories and fables (Edwards 1). Theseoral narratives were soon after recorded on paper as early forms ofliterature became prevalent. Many of the thoughts previously expressed through oralcommunication only could now be recorded for the future as writing becamewide-spread. The era of writing began with Chinese literature more than3,500 years ago, as the Chinese recorded tales on oracle bones (Mair 1). The Greeks, however, were the first known civilization to translate theiroral history into writing (Henderson 1). While the earliest Greekliterature was produced by the Indo-Europeans in 2,000 B.C., the mostessential works began in Ionia with the epics of Homer in the eighthcentury B.C. (Henderson 7). This oral poetry is the foundation of Greekliterature, and epic poetry such as Boetian?s Hesiod explored the poet?srole as a social and religious teacher (Henderson 8). These written worksclearly informed those who read them, but were not as successful ineducating the masses as the Greek dramas. Any spoken works that wereespecially significant could now be transcribed for posterity and futureuse. Spelucian explorers EssayAgain, there is a wealth of evidence to show that music was usedextensively to support the spread of religious belief. For example, KingDavid in the Cante!rbury Psalter tells that ?musical sonorities? were introduced into theservice of the church (Young 46). Monteverdi?s opera L?Incoronazions diPoppea educated audiences with its historical context and characters(Young 77). The popularity of music remained dominant throughout theMiddle Ages, although writers began to entertain through the use ofwritten poetry as well. European writers of the Middle Ages continued to comment on moralsand acceptable behavior through their works as their predecessors didalmost 2,000 years before. Hroswitha von Gandersheim, the first knownwoman writer, was a nun who used the Roman playwright Terence as a modelfor her morality plays (Hering 1). Dutch writer Jacob van Maerlant wrotepoems that showcased chivalry (Flaxman 1). Spanish playwright Lope de Vegaencouraged national patriotism and honor in his works that dealt withdramatic conflicts and combined tragic and comedy elements (Gasset 3). Calderon also stresses the Spanish code of honor in his masterpiece TheMayor of Zalamea (Gasset 3). Later Francisco Gomez de Quevedo Y Villegaswrote moral works in which he explored the decadence of Spain (Gasset 3). Social concerns inspired the writings of Italian reformer Pietro Verri,whose cynical interpretation of history established a new scientificdiscipline(Alvaro 1). His peer Leon Battista Alberti published On the Family, whichreflected the concerns Italians for social and ethical topics (Alvaro 1). Still, other authors such as Prince Juan Manuel of Spain wrote suchseemingly simple tales as ?The Emperor?s New Clothes,? from which readercould extract the moral lessons (Gasset 3). During this era, Europeanswere constantly discussing politics and social issues, prompted by theopinions of writers who commented on the subjects. Entertainers throughout history have undoubtedly served aseducators to the public, in addition to their conventional roles asmusicians or writers only. While a few performers sought only to amusewith their acts, the majority of entertainers have crafted their art witha deeper purpose in mind. Each who chose to address society?s problems andspeak to the general community through their art is as worthy an educatoras a modern-day college professor. Because many of the works of thesegreat artists were recorded on paper or passed down from generation togeneration through oral history, the insightful thoughts of theseentertainers continue to educate the public in th e twenty-first century. Jennifer BenderAP English 4November 22, 1996Mr. KileThe Role of Entertainers as EducatorsBender 9Works CitedAlvaro, Richard. ?Leon Battisa Alberti.? Grolier MultimediaEncyclopedia. 1996 ed. Archer, Katherine. ?Asian Literature.? Grolier MultimediaEncyclopedia. 1996 ed. Beye, Allan. ?The Iliad.? Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1996 ed. Bogin, Meg. The Women Troubadours. New York: Paddington Press,1976. Burdick, Jacques. Theater. New York: Newsweek Books, 1974. Edwards, Scott N. ?Homer.? Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1996ed. Flaxman, Jacob. ?Dutch Literature.? Grolier MultimediaEncyclopedia. 1996 ed. Gasset, John. ?Spanish Literature.? Grolier MultimediaEncyclopedia. 1996 ed. Grunfield, Frederic V. Music. New York: Newsweek Books, 1974. Henderson, Florence. ?Greek Literature.? Grolier MultimediaEncyclopedia. 1996 ed. Hering, Jack. The Gypsies: Wanderers in Time. New York: HawthornePress, 1969. Lindfors, Sven. ?African Literature.? Grolier MultimediaEncyclopia. 1996 ed. Lindsay, Jack. The Troubadours and Their World. London: FrederickMuller Limited, 1976. Mair, Helen. ?Chinese Literature.? Grolier MultimediaEncyclopedia. 1996 ed. Bender 10Sebastian, Gerald. Music In Time. Philadelphia: J.B. LippincottCo, 1952. Segal, William. ?Greek Drama.? Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1996 ed. Speaight, George. Punch and Judy. Boston: Publishers Plays, Inc.,1970. Young, Percy M. A Concise History of Music from Primitive Times toPresent. New York: D. White Co., 1974.

Worn Path By Eudora Welty Essays - Eudora Welty,

Worn Path By Eudora Welty In ?A Worn Path? Eudora Welty's plot is not all that clear in the beginning of her short story, but progresses as her character carries on against all of the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, must overcome the odds against her as she valiantly travels through many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down ?a worn path.? It is at this point that all of Welty's readers' hearts open up to this poor, elderly woman as she makes an attempt to carry on her love for her grandson by taking a long journey down a familiar path in order to get medication that seems to help ease his sickness pains. However, there are many forces against Phoenix that Welty includes in her story in order to make Phoenix's adventure end in a victory. Poverty, old age, and her journey through the woods are all of the odds which Phoenix must overcome. Poverty is a major hardship that most of us will never have to face, but in Phoenix's case, poverty is present everyday in her and her grandson's life. Since she is in this state of poverty, Phoenix is not able to enjoy life's luxuries as others do and must make do with what she can. As she begins her journey, it becomes clear that she lacks the money to pay for transportation to and from town; therefore, she starts down her path carrying a ?thin, small cane made from an umbrella? (132). Although Welty never really emphasizes what this is used for the reader can assume that she uses it because she does not have the money to buy the actual cane needed to help her walk properly. Another conflict dealing with poverty arouses when she feels it necessary to steal from a hunter she encounters in the woods. While the hunter walks away her sneaky ?fingers slid down and along the ground under the piece of money with grace and care they would have in lifting an egg from under a setting hen? (134). Here Welty shows that Phoenix must do what she has to in order to survive. Even though it may not appear right, her poverty forces her to act in a way that she only knows best. For instance, when people have a barrier separating them between something they want, they are going to do what they can to achieve their goal no matter what stands in their way. In this case Phoenix is a poor woman and the money catches her eye. Acting on her instinct, she takes what is not hers and hopes that she can get away with it. However, because of her perseverance and determination to better the health of her grandson, Phoenix journeys into town to receive charity that the doctor's office provides her. This ?soothing medicine? they give her is the reason why she makes this trip in the first place (136). However, she is looked upon as a charity case since she has no money to pay for the medication he needs and is given the medicine for free. All of these examples that Welty has described in ?A Worn Path? allow her story to develop by making readers think about what she writes. Poverty is an important issue in today's society and it makes one think of all the fortunes they have. In this sense, Welty also makes one fear poverty by the way she addresses it. The images allow one to feel Phoenix's pain that comes along with poverty. Joyce Carol Oates backs up this statement by adding that by ?disciplining her [Welty's] vision in order to gain deeper penetration into the dark and lovely realities of the lonely human spirit and shaping her fiction so that each story should be something achieved...? (362). Oates simply means that Welty goes beyond normal realities in order to grab the reader's attention. Through poverty, Welty takes a worldwide problem and stretches it to a level in which the person reading her story feels saddened by the power she displays. To be old, poor, and a surrogate mother is a hard job, and Welty does a wonderful job of portraying this through the underlying problem of poverty. Another overpowering element in ?A Worn Path? is Phoenix's age. Welty writes that she has ?numberless branching wrinkles? which illustrates that she has many years behind her (132). It is here

A Runners Guide to Writing

A Runners Guide to Writing Writers, Even though it may cut into your writing time, picking up a running habit can help you become a more motivated, disciplined, and well-paid writer. Heres my advice for running and writing: 1. Just thinking about it doesnt get you anywhere. With both running and writing, you have to actually do the work, and not just think Boy, I should really do some work today. In both running and writing, its easier to keep up your pace and good habits when youve got plenty of momentum. If you need a little help getting started, Fitness Magazines Running 101  guide is a great place for beginning runners to get their bearings. 2. Consistent work is required to make progress. You are never going to beat any personal bests when it comes to running speed unless you run on a regular basis. Likewise, you arent going to finish that novel without putting in regular effort. If you go too long between sessions, itll almost feel like you have to start from scratch. 3. It doesnt have to be a solo pursuit. Some athletes prefer to run alone, but others prefer to run with a group. Likewise, while writing does require some degree of isolation, you can find the support you need to keep you motivated through social connections. Try doing a work-in-progress readings at your local bookstore, or workshopping your piece with a local writers group. 4. Youll hurt yourself if you go at it too hard. Run too long or too hard, and youll risk an injury. Carpal tunnel jokes aside, this applies to writers as well, who can burn themselves out when working under a tight deadline. Even marathon runners take a break the day after a race: If you can bang out 40 pages in one day, thats awesome, but give your brain (and your fingers) some time to recuperate afterwards. 5. Do it, rain or shine. Once you have a streak going, you wont want to break it. A little rain shouldnt stop you from running, and it will even make you feel happy on a dreary day. Likewise, forcing yourself to write a page or two on a day when you mental weather is a bit gloomy is a great way to feel like youre in control of your future as a writer. Once youve developed discipline, its almost like the work does itself. Ill always remember the day I went out on a casual jog, looked down at my phone, and saw Id run a 10k without even trying to. Likewise, with disciplined writing habits inspired Picked up a running habit? Write about your experiences for one of these fitness magazines: Runners World Submission Guidelines TrailRunner Magazine Submission Guidelines Canadian Running Submission Guidelines Womens Running Submission Guidelines Womens Adventure Submission Guidelines

Strategy and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategy and Operations - Essay Example The operational level deals with production and control, inventory management, material handling, equipment maintenance policies and inspection and quality control. Tactical level deals with plant layout, structuring, equipment selections and replacement and project management. Strategic level deals with fixation of location and size of the manufacturing plants, and also deals with the structure of networking and services and developing technology supply chains (MIT Sloan School of Management, 2010). The operations function of any company moves in the direction on what the company’s business is all about. If the organization is into a manufacturing business, then it’s an operation that produces the products. If the organization is a service provider, then operations offers the services. Operations management involves managing various segments of operations (Krannert School of Management, 2010). The operational management provides the manager with the tools and techniques in performing the operational, tactical and strategic levels of operations in the organization that produces goods and services. Operations management is a vital part of business that deals with the production of goods and services and engages the accountability of certifying the business operations that are effective and efficient. It is the management of resources and the allocation of merchandise and services to consumers (Technology for Future, 2010). This process is popularly used in garages, service shops, furniture restorer, printers that produce tickets for the local social event and includes numerous precision engineers such as specialist tool makers (Slack & Et. Al., 2010). In this process identical units are produced in a group called as batches. The units in one batch may differ significantly with the other batch. Each batch is different from other as the designs are different (Caplan, n.d.). This process is

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 2

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example . Precisely, this discussion demonstrates personal and interpersonal awareness in addition to skill formation and development. The main reason for describing the personal and interpersonal awareness within a given team is to attempt explaining or creating an understanding of the effective management and performance of such groups. Effective team and performance management are the main epicenters of this discussion. In order to obtain the objective of the discussion, this paper is divided into three main parts excluding the introduction. The parts include reflection, alternative action, and overall learning. Reflection section of the discussion attempts to identify the key issues besides describing each of mentioned issues. In addition, the section provides an analysis of key issues involved while carrying out the activities of the team within the three contexts; investigating crime, lost on the moon, and egg challenge. Alternative action section identifies the recurring/overarching problems within the team whilst conducting its specific activities, avoidance of such problems, and impact of team members in ensuring that activities of team were effectively achieved. Lastly, the overall learning (conclusion) section identifies aspects learnt in the tasks and their relevance to future professional life. Team The team comprising of 6 members, 4 ladies and 2 gentlemen was formed on the basis of persons from different nationalities from Africa and Asia. Three main activities formed part of the seminar activities for purposes of understanding personal and interpersonal characteristics. The activities included lost on the moon, crime investigation in Park near Cambridge City Centre, and the egg flying contest. All these formed the seminar activities, which were aimed at evaluating effective management of teams or groups. Reflection During formation of the team of the four ladies and two gentlemen, I realized that there was so much potential not only in me but also other team members. Though anxious, I found it enjoyable and exciting to engage with people that were like strangers to me. Anxiety is one of the indicators within a person as described by Myers Briggs (Elwyn, Greenhalgh, and Mcfarlance, 2001, p.119). The first step was to introduce each other. In this process, team members wer e uneasy given the fact that they did not know each other. The idea of introduction to get to know each other was borrowed from Tuckman’s (1965) group forming stage. During the forming stage, Tuckman (1965) identifies that team members are always anxious due to being strangers. Other than problems of introduction, the team within its introduction stage had no clear specific individual roles and responsibilities, chain of command, and hierarchy of authority. What’s more, it is difficult to explicitly define roles and responsibilities of every member during the formation stage (Tuckman, 1965; Landale, 1999, p38). As Goleman (2002, p.253); Irvine et al (2002); and Kilman (1974) identify, there was a possibility of diversity conflict especially following that members of the team came from diverse backgrounds. The second activity within the formation stage involved identification of a team leader. Without a team leader, a group will not be spearheaded to the right direction since no one particular person will be responsible for initiating and directing activities

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cryopreservation

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cryopreservation In the world of science this two procedures Vitrification and Slow cooling are use to keep the biological materials such as cells, bone marrow , DNA etc at the low temperature , when compared to their normal temperatures. These two procedures will come under the Cryobiology. Cryobiology: It is the study of life below the low temperature. Background: In the centuries 2500 BC this was used by the people of Egypt for the medical purpose. They used to stop the bleeding and injuries during the injuries. In the latter centuries this was brought into popular by Robert Boyle. For the first time it was the Christopher Polge who used the bull sperm in cryopreservation. The 1970s brought great development in cryobiology by Zeo Layland who brought Slow Cooling technique which laid a path to the birth of first human embryo frozen, which latter used all over the world for the animals, cells and human biology. In the year 1986 Dr. Christopher Chen in Australia used the slow frozen oocytes for the pregnancy in the world for the first time. Advantages of cryobiology: Helps in the preservation of biological materials. By this the biological materials can be preserved for long time. Sperm, gametes, embryos, tissues, bone marrow, organ can be preserved. Helps to study the adapting nature of plants and animals under the low temperature. Cryopreservation: This is the process, which come under the Cryobiology. This is the process in which the cell is kept under the very low temperature which causes the cell to stop its biological chemical reactions and finally the cell leads to death. But sometimes the cell which is kept under the process of cryopreservation may get damage, when it is taken to the low temperature. Some of the biological materials are kept under very low temperature which is the liquid phase of the liquid nitrogen. Because it is the best process for the preservation some complex biological compounds which lead to stop their biological chemical reactions. In order to be free from the risk the most two techniques used are the Slow Cooling and Vitrification. Background: James Lovelock is the important person who made the Gaia theory fame. Using this theory he said that the damage that occurs to the red blood cells is due to the osmotic stress during the process of the freezing. In the early years of 1950s he said that when the cell faces the increase of salt concentration make it to dehydrate for the loss of water to the external ice which may cause the damage of the cell. In the year of 1950s they are rapid development of the freezing techniques which made helping in bringing the pregnancies. Before this the insemination of frozen sperm was brought into live. Latter in the 1957 the scientist of the United Kingdom started the cryopreserving the fowl sperm. In the year of 2000s the baby was born by the cryopreservation egg, Laina Beasley born in July 2005. Not only in the human beings, this is brought into the animals which made to the result of A Ocelots kitten born in Cincinnati Zoo in 2001. As freezing damage in the cells are of two aspects. The primary one is that cell gets damage due to the ice crystal, and the second is the damage of cell when more ice is formed due to the concentrate of the solute. Latter in the USA they made a solution for this aspects of the damage in cell by the typical rate of cooling 1C/min but this rate of cooling depends on the size of the cell and the water content in the cell. In this they are a form of anti-freeze known as the cryprotectant which is used to equalize the physical optimal parameter osmotic. Cryoprotectants have ability to protect the cell to face the freezing injury which was discovered accidentally. Cryoprotectants: When the biological materials are kept under the preservation they are need to be protect for the long time. At same time the protected material should be able to function for a long time when they are rewarmed to the sub zero level. During the process of the preservation some chemicals are used to preserve them in low temperature and in the same way they are rewarmed, and should have the ability to function for a long time. But in some cases of preservation chemicals are not used such as in fungi, yeast. The cryoprotectants are used in this cases, now a days some chemicals like dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol. But in some of the specimens the dimethyl sulfoxide affects the preservation due to the toxicity nature. (Smith, 1983) This toxicity can be reduces to some level by use of glucose Advantages of Cryoprotectants: Helps the material from rapid cooling Prevents from formation of ice in the intracellular region. When the cell undergoes high concentration of solute it helps to prevent from dehydration (Mazur, 1984). Helps the cell to function even after the rewarming. Slow cooling: This is the early technique used in the cryopreservation which is used to prevent to the cell from the damage in the freezing Background: It is the control rate technique which was developed in the 1970s which has been enabled the first human embryo birth. From then this technique is used all over the world for the biological materials. And some machines which are used in the cryopreservation bring the cell to the freezing point such as the liquid phase of the liquid nitrogen. This technique machines are used to freeze the oocyte, blood products, sperms, skin, embryo, general tissues and stem cells preservation in research labs, hospitals all over the world. But in the slow cooling the cell gets dehydrate Vitrification: This is the new technique used in the cryopreservation which is used to prevent to the cell from the damage in the freezing. It is the preservation at extremely low temperature without any freezing. In this process can be done without the involvement of the cryoprotectants. Background: Right from the development of the slow cooling the glycerol is used to cryobiology as the cryoprotectant for the bull sperm and blood cells. But however it is know that glycerol is not helpful to prevent the whole organ from the damage. For more suitable cryoprotectants in those cases many of the biotech companies worked to develop. In the 21st century the kidney of rabbit is preserved at -135oC, which made as the vitrification cocktail, because latter the kidney which is preserved at the -135oC was again planted back into the body of rabbit, the kidney was found to be functioning without any failure. At present preservation of the brain is under the progress, they are looking to prevent the brain from damaging such as damage to the tissues and loss of the memory in the brain which was encoded. The Institute of Cryonics are working to preserve the whole body without damage in the cells, tissue and all the organs which should again function properly when they are transplanted, this is in the progress. In this the freezing involves in ice crystal formation, which lead to the damage of the sensitive structures such as the blood vessels. For a successful vitrification it needs combinations of the two factors, one is the high concentration of solutes in the bathing medium capable of glass formation, and the other is the extreme rapid cooling of the samples. In the year 1985 for the first time the cryopreservation of mouse embryos by Rall and Fahy. Steps that to be followed for the successful vitrification are concentration and composition of the vitrification solution The procedure used to equilibrate cells in this solution The cooling/warming conditions The procedure used to dilute cells from the vitrification solution Freezing injuries: In a living cell the liquid water is most important to maintain its structure and function, when this cell is kept in the freezing preservation, due to the low temperature then to its survival then the cell faces the freezing injuries which may lead the living cell to destruction. When the cell is under the preservation the injury that effect is shown in the figure the inverted U in this the position of the cell which it can function normally is shown as the survival point , when this cell is put on to the freezing beyond its limit, that is a cell has its own capability for a certain limit of low temperature or high temperature, when this cell exceeds the limit of low temperature the solution around the cell makes it injury, in such cases the intracellular ice formation will be occurred, at this stage the cell leads to the injury and destruction occurs. In some cases like the high cooling rate the cell undergoes both the extracellular and intracellular. Freezing injuries at high cooling rate: When we take most of the cells they have the thermodynamic point at -0.5oC. But when we need to preserve the cell the cell must get freeze, to do this the cell will be undertaken below -5oC. At this position the cell undergoes the super cooling at which the medium around the cell and the cell remain unfrozen, due to the protective solute that is bounded around and within the cell. The cell which is taken to the low temperature between the -5oC and -15oC the ice forms in the external medium. At which the cell content remain super cooling in an unfrozen state. The ice which is formed in the external medium will affect the extracellular solute. The solution concentration in the extracellular solution will increase when the temperature gets decreases and the ice will be grown, this increase of ice is the ice phase. Due to this the chemical imbalance is occurred between the biological material and the unfrozen external solution. The external part of the cell gets frozen when the water flows off, this occurs when the higher chemical potential then the water of the partly frozen solution outside the cell. And this subsequent physical event in the cell depends on the rate of cooling in the cell. If the cooling is sufficiently slow, the loss of water rapidly by exosmosis. When this occurs the result of the cell will dehydrate and will not freeze intracellular. TZ p3 When the cooling is too rapid the rate at which the chemical potential of water extracellular solution decreases is much faster than to the rate which water can be diffuse out of the cell and they will be the end result in the intracellular ice formation. In the shown figure the cell under the preservation will have the outflow of the intracellular water which may lead to shrink of the cell and the extracellular ice will be formed which leads to the shrunken cell with little or no ice formed internally. It is the indirect assumption that the formation of the ice inside the cell is unpreventable. At present many of the studies have been suggested that intracellular ice formation during the process of the freezing causes the death or damage of the cell. In the process of the intracellular ice formation they are three possible ways which it can be occurred. Chilling injuries: Chilling injury is defined as the low temperature stress on the absence of freezing. Actually the word chilling injuries is used in the botany, in the early 18th centuries to describe the plants which are subjected to the low temperature that is chilling temperature above the 0Â °C were often damaged irreversibly. The temperature shock was first used in 1934 to show the irreversibly damage to mammalian sperms that occurred when these cell undergo rapid cooling below the body temperature at which few degree fall down rapidly in a minute of time. At these both sperm cells and the plant cells the chilling injury are similarly related mechanism. In the process of chilling injuries they are two types direct chilling injury and the indirect chilling injury. Direct chilling injuries: This is also known as the Cold shock. This is mostly used to describe both phenomena, which is expressed quickly upon reduction in temperature and Dependent on cooling rate. Cold shock injury is almost independent of the rate of warming. Injury is increased as the period incubation at the reduced temperature is extended. Indirect chilling injuries: Indirect chilling injuries are usually evident following a relatively long exposure period at the time of the reduced temperatures, and its enable to the independent of the rate of cooling. Metabolic and enzymatic processes can find in the fast developing embryos. Especially in Drosophila and zebrafish the injury get more rapid at the low temperatures. This is due to the co-ordination is increased lost with decreasing temperature. The reduction in temperature will affect the enzyme rate reaction to a different extent. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN CONTROLLED SLOW COOLING AND VITRIFICATION: (Baudot et al., 2002) In the process of preservation both the techniques have the similarity of freezing during the process of preservation. In slow cooling the cooling is done intracellular and extracellular and in the same way in vitrification, but little change at place where ice crystal formation is occurred in slow cooling and not in vitrification Somehow both techniques are similar with slight changes during the process of the preservation of biological materials. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONTROLLED SLOW COOLING AND VITRIFICATION IN CRYOPRESERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS: (Kuleshova, 2002) Vitrification techinque Slow cooling technique This is simple technique This is complex technique This safer technique This is risky technique This more costly technique This cheaper compare to vitrification Ice crystal dont form in the process of freezing In this ice crystals formation is seen This is most successful technique Not much success then vitrification Cell death will not occur Have the chances to the cell death ADVANTAGES OF VITRIFICATION AND CONTROLLED SLOW COOLING IN CRYOPRESERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS: In the cryopreservation the both techniques vitrification and controlled cooling techniques are used to preserve the biological materials for a long time. Vitrification technique has the uniqueness for the preservation of the oocytes, because the oocytes brought under this technique have more capable to the fertilization. This oocytes lead to the normal pregnancy. In process of the vitrification the ice crystal formation is not occurred both in the intracellular and the extracellular. In vitrification the whole cell including the medium solidify (freeze). In the process of vitrification the cell doesnt get any damage and dont lead the cell to death (Kasa, 2004). The preservation of materials at a controlled slow cooling, we can store the materials at -196oC, best example is storage of hematopoietic cells (Hill et al., 1972). The main advantages of cooling and warming rates are that it contains very less amount of cryoprotectants, with this it can reduce toxic effect and also osmotic injury (Orief et al., 2005). DISADVANTAGES OF CONTROLLED SLOW COOLING AND VITRIFICATION IN CRYOPRESERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS: When we come to the vitrification we dont face any unfavarable conditions during the process of preservation, because of cryoprotectants which toxic in nature and more cost(Chi, 2001). Ice crystals are occurred in the intracellular and the extra cellular region of cell in the process of preservation in slow cooling technique. This is the major disadvantage in controlled slow cooling. (Kasa, 2004). Main Outcome Measure: As per the reported number of pregnancies done after transfer of embryos which were cryopreserved by vitrification. Both slow cooling and vitrification procedures have successful cryopreservation of human embryos and oocytes. Both procedures have healthy births, but slow cooling of oocytes gives very low success rates. Vitrification is a promising novel technique in reproductive technology CONCLUSION: As per the reference and my knowledge controlled slow cooling and as well as vitrification are useful techniques for the preservation of biological materials, when compared vitrification technique is more useful technique for the preservation as slow cooling technique. Vitrification is a simple procedure that requires less time, safer and more cost effective than slow cooling.

Counter-Terrorism Strategies Reveal the Limits of Human Rights as a Cosmopolitan Discourse in the Age of Global Terror

Since the start of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, human rights were introduced as a system that exceeded any boundaries, such as religion, gender, ethnicity and nationality, in order to protect each individual. It was an attempt to universalize human standards of decency, morality and dignity, by way of constructing a global human community. It is through this that human rights were able to be changed and recognised as a standard for global order, regulated through international law. The act of terrorism is not a new concept, and has been responsible for many innocent lives over many years, however not until the attacks on the United States, known as 9/11, has terrorism become such a globalized issue. It was through the symbolic destruction of capitalism, coupled with the vast media outlets to create witnesses that allowed for Western society to face a new threat of vulnerability. The mass production of human rights violations aimed at such a seemingly powerful Western country induced a culture of fear, specifically regarding the weaknesses in national security. Terrorism, national security, and war became the dominant dialogue throughout international politics, and governments began to develop counter-terrorism legislation in order to enhance feelings of safety and security, but also to seek retribution against terrorist groups. It is through this introduction of new counter-terrorism legislation that allows the expectations of human rights protection to become confused, as state security becomes the prime concern. This new legislation becomes a shield to hide behind when human rights violations are committed, allowing the state to use the premise of counter terrorism as a justification for neglecting what was previously an internationally standardized notion of human rights protection. It then becomes a paradoxical debate of violation and protection, where policies designed to protect society from these human rights violations, not only affect the terrorists whom they are aimed at, but start to affect the people who’s rights they aim to protect. Where the notion of human rights is concerned in protecting the individual, counter-terrorism in the age of global terror re-employs these boundaries between the individual in the interest of the state, and disregards human rights. Pojman (2006) states that terrorism is a type of violence employed to deliberately target non-combatants in a ruthlessly destructive and often random manner in order to support concrete political or religious objectives. Because of its random ature, the act of terrorism destabilizes any notion of a human rights system by allowing each individual to be susceptible to its effects. Denying one their right to life is depriving them of their most fundamental human right. According to Anthony Giddens (in Pojman), the difference between what he labels as â€Å"old-terrorism† and â€Å"new-terrorism† lies in its locality in geographical terms, where the first is concerned with nationalist ideology and remained local, and the latter is focused on its global implementation (2006). September 11th became the poster for this â€Å"new-terrorism†, bringing with it the stark realisation that Western Society was not impervious to terrorist regimes. The vulnerability of the United States seemed not to have been considered previously, and the mass murder evoked an intense culture of fear amongst the people, only to be further manipulated by the media, causing governments to strike with new legislation. The notion of prevention was a strong instigator for new strategies, where the state intended to seek out terrorist activity before it happened. Terrorism uncovers the limits of the human rights system in achieving universal consensus. However the authority of rights is more so undermined when counter-terrorist acts violate these moral principles in the constant pursuit of their re-avouchment. Under the title of counter-terrorism, democratically defined countries are deserting fundamental principles of human rights that were once upheld, such as the presumption of innocence, the right to a fair trial, freedom of expression and the right to seek asylum (McCulloch, 2003). The entire premise behind having a universal declaration of human rights was to maintain a society in which people could have access to a global mechanism of protection and support. However counter-terrorism has dismantled these ideals and replaced them with suspect and presumed guilt. The position of human rights in the international community has been seen as dispensary to the higher priority of achieving security through counter-terrorism. Faced with the exposure of the weakness to its homeland, the US opted for a military based counter-terrorism approach, resulting in the deployment of military forces into the Middle East and Central Asia, initiating what was known as the War on Terror (Schorlemer, 2003). The invasion of Afghanistan was designed to strengthen state borders from afar by defeating terrorists at their source. However, in order to do so, the US strategy was to utilize violence to secure their human rights. In using violence, they contradicted exactly what they were fighting for. The state of emergency that was declared following 9/11 and the climate of fear fostered by terrorist activity destabilized the notion that all individuals are entitled to rights protection. In a state of war, honouring human rights is neither practically possible nor theoretically required (Luban, 2002). It becomes intrinsic in the system of war that constitutional rights and civil liberties of populations can be brought to a halt under the pretence of enhancing state security, all the while allowing for the deterioration of basic human rights under circumstances of organised violence. The US disregard for abiding to the universal human rights of global citizens can strongly be seen in the military intervention in Afghanistan, and further in the counter-terrorism strategies of rendition, torture and detainment practiced by the US and their allies in pursuit of security. Under the model of war, the lethal use of force on enemy troops is permissible, and the accidental maiming and killing of civilians is seen as collateral damage rather than victims of atrocities (Luban, 2002). Therefore, by declaration of war, George W. Bush implemented a counter-terrorism strategy, that by virtue of its nature undermines the system of human rights as an internationally enforceable system available to all individuals. This is reinforced by highlighting its illegitimacy in instances of war. As terrorism is not an enemy in the conventional war sense, as it is not a visible and tangible body with a defined territory, the US forces in Afghanistan have relied on using air strikes to atta ck insurgents, according to Garlasco (reference). Usual requirement of evidence or proof before a conviction becomes less regulated or required when at war, with plausible intelligence and insufficient evidence adequate as the foundation for action (Luban, 2002). In situations of flawed or limited intelligence, it has not been terrorists but civilians that have become victims of air strike assaults, thus having their right to life stolen from them (Garlasco). An example of this kind of fatal mistake occurred in the Afghani town of Uruzgan in 2002, where faulty intelligence concerning the location of Al-Qaeda fighters led to the execution of a lethal air strike, killing 21 civilians. This problematic endeavour to protect our rights is therefore legitimizing civilian casualties as collateral damage of war. Counter-terrorism strategies have justified the illegal detainment, torture and rendition of suspected terrorists as a necessary process in achieving security and paradoxically reasserting the human rights of moral citizens. The aftermath of September 11th brought about the legitimization of human rights violations through new counter-terrorism laws, whereby these violations can most distinctly be witnessed through the treatment of prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. Democratic rights such as the presumption of innocence, the right to a fair trial, and freedom from torture were all eradicated in the operations that took place at the base, denying them these basic civil liberties in an unrelenting pursuit of truth and justice for the violence inflicted on American citizens on September 11th. Common practice has been the illegal detention of suspected terrorists, where the rights to due process and a fair trial are not upheld. Recently, the evidence against the military has been growing, including official Pentagon documents, indicating that interrogators consistently employed hard line counter-resistance measures in absolution to induce prisoner co-operation. Such measures include sleep deprivation, prolonged isolation, painful body positions, feigned suffocation, beatings, sexual provocation and displays of contempt for Islamic symbols (Bloche and Marks, 2005). Under the 1984 United Nations Convention Against Torture (CAT), an event is considered torture if it satisfies three constitutive elements; the infliction of severe mental or physical suffering, for the recipient to be perpetrated for a purpose, and for this to occur by way of an official (Hocking and Lewis, 2007). The operation of torture in counter-terrorist tactics echoes the breakdown of moral consensus on the use of torture, with the US disrespect for this international human right setting a negative global standard (Wilson, 2005). Therefore, when another State executes this act of torture, the US and their Western Allies seek their services for interrogating their own suspected terrorists, rather than condemning the act. The US, since September 11th, has engaged in transferring their suspects to other countries, where the torture and interrogation can be carried out. This instance of rendition mirrors the practices undertaken by the Swedish Government, where they abducted extremist Islamic suspects and transferred them to Egypt, where torture under interrogation is considered legal custom (Bloche and Marks, 2005). Counter-terrorism has allowed for the undermining of the adoption of human rights globally. Where western democratic states were formerly viewed as human rights advocates, they now deny this role of leadership in aid of suppressing this culture of fear induced by global terrorism. Counter-terrorism strategies have both enhanced the degradation of human rights in regards to the moral basis for international relations, and allowed for the threat of terrorism to be used by state governments to increasingly militarize the protocol of law enforcement and increase the surveillance of civilians (McCulloch, 2003). The war on terror has perpetuated a permanent state of emergency with no foreseeable end. Thus in many western countries, the prolonged war against terror is being used politically rather than legally, to justify the permanent restriction of civilian human rights (Zizek). Shielded by the counter-terrorism legislation, states have put into practice new national security laws whilst pre-existing emergency legislation has achieved legitimacy, claiming to be an essential response to the threat of terrorism (Wilson, 2005). In support of their counter-terrorism strategies employed abroad, states such as Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and the US have relied upon internal strategies to curtail the threat of terrorism. Such measures include the indefinite detention of suspected terrorists without trial or judicial review, the increased surveillance and reduced privacy protections, the dramatic increase in the powers afforded to domestic spy agencies, the right to silence and choice of legal representation eradicated completely, and the vastly expanded resources afforded to military and police engaged in homeland security (McCulloch, 2003). The civil and political liberties that were considered so important during the devising of the UDHR, are now ironically being violated by the very people who them in place. The power to detain people will increase state security organizations power to suppress dissent by adding detention to the potential adverse consequences of political opinions that challenge the political status quo (McCulloch, 2003). In times of global terror, the implementation of increased surveillance does not invoke a feeling of security amongst society, but conversely, further extends the culture of fear that occurs through constant intimidation and increasingly inhibited freedoms. The dispensability of human rights in times of state emergency is revealed when our global principles can be undermined by counter-terrorist strategies so immediately. The principle of counter-terrorism, to enhance state security, has reinforced the rigidity of national borders, by entrenching foreigners and citizenship as acceptable bases for distinction and discrimination and the rejection of humanitarian concerns for individual needs (Mertus and Helsing, 2006). The figure of the refugee as the individual, deprived of citizenship and reliant on the goodwill of other states, illustrates this collision between the protection of individual versus the protection of the state (Humphrey, 2002). After the Second World War, the refugee acquired a measure of political significance as victims of persecution. However the contemporary threat of terrorism has redefined refugees as victims of an international system of nation states founded on a hierarchy of exclusion (Humphrey, 2002). Rather than generously extending protection to individuals seeking asylum from persecution, torture and war, counter-terrorism strategies have increased the conditionality in the acceptance of refugees. ‘Boat people’ arriving on remote areas of the northwest shoreline of Australia constitute the manifestation of the international refugee crisis in this country. Recent asylum seekers are confined in remote detention centres in economically poor island communities to the north of Australia. This criminalization of refugees by the Australian government reflects a rejection of their moral responsibility as human rights guarantors whilst ironically committing human rights violations of their own. The detainment of asylum seekers inflicts a greater degree of suffering on these individuals with detention providing a re-traumatizing environment that may contribute to the development of mental health problems (Stout, 2002). The political discourse employed by the government in relation to ‘boat people’ stripped the refugee of compassion and their human rights by referring to them as ‘illegal’s’ that pay ‘people smugglers’ (Humphrey, 2002). Thus rather than alleviate the suffering imposed on refugees by virtue of their situation, various States are going to extreme lengths to undermine the legitimacy of their asylum claims by making invalid character judgments. Similar to human rights, the category of refugee is non-racial; in theory a state is obliged to extend support and assistance to a refugee without racial selectivity. Australia has a history of denying asylum based on race, such as the exclusion of Chinese immigrants during the 1880s, and now this racial exclusion is being inflicted on individuals of Middle Eastern descent based upon them sharing the same ethnicity as Al-Qaeda and Taliban terrorist groups. The racial assumptions that acquaint the Afghani or Iraqi race with terrorism have falsely led to the prolonged detainment and refused asylum of Middle Eastern individuals. Thus terrorism has accelerated the shift in global attitudes toward refugees from one of state moral responsibility to the prioritization of state security over accepting claims for asylum. Whilst viewed as a strategy of counter-terrorism, enhanced border security and the increased conditionality required for refugees to gain asylum disqualifies human rights as a unifying discourse without qualification. The implementation of counter-terrorism strategies by Western nations in reaction to the 9/11 attacks were largely reactionary and centred on enhanced state security to reduce the likelihood of terrorist activity infiltrating national borders. The contemporary manifestation of terrorism represents a clash of civilizations, pitting the culture of Islamic fundamentalism against a Western culture composed of modernity, secularity and democracy (Pojman, 2006). In this clash human rights rests precariously in the middle. On the one hand, terrorism denies victims their rights, yet the enactment of counter-terrorism strategies to address these violations paradoxically impedes on the rights of global citizens. The way in which western countries have responded to the threat of terrorism has not only violated principles of human rights and international law but has also proved to be ineffective in combating terrorism. Almost eight years after the proclamation of the ‘global war on terror’ terrorists are still striking with alarming frequency and ease in our cities: Madrid, London, Sharm el Sheikh, Bali and Mumbai represent the more recent and appalling acts. If our world is in a state of war, why is it that western forces have not been as successful as past governments in achieving victory in similar time periods as in past wars (Hocking and Lewis, 2007)? The First World War was won in five years and the Japanese Empire in World War II was defeated in four years following their attack on Pearl Harbour. Despite all the energies and resources deployed to strengthen the West’s ‘War on Terror’, global terrorism has not lost its power to recruit combatants and inflict destruction on unsuspecting communities (Hocking and Lewis, 2007). In the context of terrorism, war has proven to be ineffective as it fails to address the environment with which terrorism has evolved. Terrorist organizations flourish in societies that have been marginalized by globalization and where there are unresolved conflicts and few accountability mechanisms for addressing political grievances (Hocking and Lewis, 2007). The feeling of despair and sense of hopelessness rooted in oppression, ignorance, poverty and perceived injustice have been identified as causal factors in the development of terrorism. Just as the benefits of globalization and modernity have been unequally distributed so have the capabilities of marginalized populations to gain access to their human rights. Thus to combat terrorism, the implementation of social and economic policy can help to mitigate exclusion and the impact of rapid socio-economic change which foster the grievances which terrorists exploit to gain legitimacy (Hocking and Lewis, 2007). Greater emphasis on counter-terrorism strategies, which address the causal factors of terrorism, will thus increase individual access to human rights and diminish their marginalization and global inequality. Terrorism is a political and criminal activity that undermines the foundation of the contemporary human rights system. It rejects the notion that by virtue of every individual’s humanness they should have access to a host of civil, political and socio-economic rights. The attack of 9/11 exposed security weaknesses of the US, subsequently inducing fear in all western states that they could too be easily targeted by religious extremist factions. Counter-terrorism has aimed to heighten state security often to the detriment of upholding universal principles of human rights. Just as terrorism views all enemy citizens with the same contempt that is there is no distinction between the president and an average citizen, in many regards counter terrorism makes no distinction between terrorists and civilians in that human rights restrictions are imposed on all individuals in states of emergency. Once relied upon as states of human rights advocacy and leadership, western states have legitimized the rejection of human rights under the banner of counter-terrorism. The ‘War on Terror’, increasing surveillance of citizens, restriction of their constitutional rights and the abandonment of state’s moral duty toward asylum seekers symbolizes the dispensability and conditionality of universal human rights. The abrogation of human rights underlying contemporary counter-terrorism practices reflects the limits of the human rights system to neglect in times of emergency, fear and vulnerability.

Lord of the Flies Symbolism Analysis Essay

Plato, a famous Greek philosopher born in 428 BC, once said, â€Å"The measure of a man is what he does with power.† This statement shows that man will truly be defined for what he does with the power he receives; whether he would use it for manipulation, cruelty and lofty desires, or whether he would treat everyone fairly, maintain democracy and control himself in such a high position. In William Golding’s Lord of The Flies and George Orwell’s Animal Farm, the power is shown and given to a character, which would use it for his own benefits and does not choose to do what is right for those under his power. Jack, a power-hungry dictator, uses his manipulative and deceiving tactics to reign over a group of schoolboys who get stuck on an island. Napoleon, a pig, uses power along with fear to control the other animals around him and asserts violence to get his role as a leader. The desire for power and control in both characters stimulates them to use fear and violence as a way of keeping their high position and satisfying their needs. It is clear that the two leaders Napoleon and Jack both used physical harm as a way of getting their message across to their other citizens. Jack displayed this behavior after he gets his own tribe, where he ruled merciless and punishes anyone he is not pleased with. When Roger and Robert were having a brief conversation in Chapter 10, they said, ‘He’s going to beat Wilfred’. ‘What for?’ ‘I don’t know. He didn’t say. He got angry and made us tie Wilfred up. He’s been†- he giggled excitedly- â€Å"he’s been tied up for hours, waiting-.†(Golding 176). This shows Jack and his cruel use of power among his own tribe. Napoleon, on the other hand, doesn’t punish his own tribe, but does go to an extent where he vows a death sentence towards anyone who is working or wants Snowball to come back to the farm. This is shown in the execution of four pigs, â€Å"Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. Frederick. They added that Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones’s secret agent for years past. When they had finished their confession, the dogs promptly tore their throats out, and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to confess.† (Orwell 73). Despite being a pig, Napoleon shows the same qualities as a human dictator and even goes as far as to making innocent pigs confessing to a crime they had never done. Within both leaders, anger becomes the main reason for punishment to the citizens. Both leaders, nonetheless, use their people for their own benefit whether they were given permission or not. In Lord of the Flies, Jack went as far as to stealing Piggy’s glasses without Piggy’s consent in hopes of being able to make a fire at any time he requests. Regardless of Piggy’s anger and necessity for glasses, Jack steals them and even kills Piggy when Ralph, Piggy, Sam and Eric confronted his tribe for Piggy’s glasses. Along with this situation, in Animal Farm, Napoleon’s desire for power and money drives him towards betraying his best worker who works for him every second he is awake for whiskey money. The animals would work continuously for Napoleon, and this is clear in Orwell’s statement in chapter VI, â€Å"All that year the animals worked like slaves† (Orwell 53).